The following information was presented in this chapter:

The United States changed a lot by becoming industrialized, which influenced the economy, as well as social and physical environments. The North became industrialized, causing some cities to become very large with factories and many workers living in them. This industrialization was because of several factors:

Inventions made it easier to make goods more quickly and cheaper. Interchangeable parts helped create assembly lines which were very efficient because the worker did the same thing over and over.

The labor force grew with many immigrants coming into the cites and living with people from the same background.

Raw materials were transported to the factories using complex and interdependent transportation systems.

Money was supplied to pay for building and operating the factories.

Many products had been made to support the army during the Civil War and now these products could be used by everyone.

Companies were making profits so they could reinvest their money in the local economy.

At the same time, these changes caused problems: People often lived and worked in bad conditions.

Important dates to remember:

1840 First patent.

1850 Interchangeable parts appeared in factories.

1869 Rail lines stretched from coast to coast.

1900 1 out of 3 people lived in the city.

Who's who in this chapter:

Abraham Lincoln is re-elected.

Frederick Taylor studies how to use workers efficiently.

J.P. Morgan makes banking international.

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